identity PKG the user scheme public key algorithm private key ID-based cryptography identity-based encryption Identity-based free encyclopedia keys identity value group identity key escrow Cryptology Advantages encryption schemes Cocks IBE scheme master key CCA decrypt ZZ assumption CRYPTO threshold BDH decryption key the Challenger Tor IBS anonymity queries encryption scheme Bilinear target Springer correctness group signatures attacker sk r1 cert extraction advantages card claims the Tor application application developers Hidden Identity token enterprise WIF selector trust information card STS provider claims parameters support claims Windows CardSpace security token Lecture Notes in Computer Science token format identity federation IBE line generation Encryption Identity-Based certificates signature Identity Foundation OA LNCS ConSentry Networks policy creation IDF key generation network access control LANShield RSA LAN traffic product family role-based digital signatures products LAN LAN security policy enforcement traffic IDT Enforcement Requirements White Paper LAN Segmentation IP address insider threat Stay informed search domain name baseline implementation based systems email-address PKI platforms Adi Shamir public information ASCII string trusted third party intractable conflict United States power IBM model Sharon Shavitt brands motivation salient Journal of Consumer Psychology consumers readiness processes meanings cryptosystem Springer-Verlag Torelli attitude symbolism Consumer Psychology consumer research identities intractability intractable conflicts Ethnic Conflicts adversaries collective identities New York other side ethnicity protracted interactions country conflict Conflict Resolution traits society Social Conflicts and Collective Identities Identity-based cryptography